Earlier, the internet only had websites that consisted of read-only information, known as the Web 1.0 era. Later, with the uprising Web 2.0 era, the modern web applications concept was introduced. Nowadays, we have very user-friendly and highly dynamic web applications. A computer has no value if there is no operating system. If there is an operating system installed, we can install applications to do our day-to-day works. There are three types of applications: Desktop applications, mobile applications, and web applications. Mobile and desktop applications run on top of the operating system. …

JavaScript initially started its journey as a simple scripting language. Earlier, developers used JavaScript to make their websites a little dynamic. Nowadays, JavaScript is everywhere. We can build single-page web apps, mobile apps, desktop apps, IoT applications, CLI programs, and RESTful APIs with JavaScript. On the other hand, ECMAScript, which is the standard specification for JavaScript, brings frequent improvements and enhancements to JavaScript.

Therefore, our modern developer community has a lot of JavaScript developers. If a particular company builds a high-quality product with JavaScript, they need to hire the best out of the best to keep their product clean. In…

GitHub platform was initially created just as a hosting service for Git repositories. In other words, Github allowed developers to create remote Git repositories for collaboration. Therefore, developers were able to show their open source projects to the community. Developers who were in the community made their own copies (forks) of existing repositories. Also, they submitted their code changes to the original repository via pull requests.

GitHub at 2008 was like this.

Fuchsia is a new operating system that is being developed by Google. Most people know Fuchsia as a replacement for the well-known Android operating system. Google has already developed and improved two operating systems: Chrome OS and Android. As we can see, both operating systems are stable and doing their jobs pretty decently. So, why is Google developing a new operating system? The Fuchsia team even builds it from the kernel level.

Chrome OS is based on Linux. On the other hand, Android also uses the Linux kernel. Google apparently maintains separate development branches for the Linux kernel modifications because…

Earlier, almost all web applications and websites had fixed widths. Remember, we had a time where websites motivated us to view the particular website with a pre-defined resolution for best viewing. For example, some websites said that their content is clearly visible on a 1024x768 screen. For smaller screens, there was a horizontal scrollbar to see the hidden content. The responsive design term was trending in the 2010s. Everyone tried to make their websites friendly for any screen sizes with the help of CSS media queries. In other words, they made responsive UIs.

Nowadays, all web UI toolkits come with…

Every day, we see that someone says bad stuff about Flutter. Most developers mention that Ionic and React Native are better than Flutter because Flutter has so many rendering issues. On the other hand, some developers mention that existing plugins are not enough to do what they planned to accomplish. A very few developers have noticed that the Flutter bundler produces somewhat large final binaries on several platforms.

All these things are correct according to the current stage of the Flutter framework. In comparison to other, matured frameworks, Flutter is just a three-year-old project. Ionic was initially released almost eight…

Earlier, every developer did mobile application development directly using the Software Development Kit (SDK) given by the specific mobile platform. For example, Android SDK has all the required Java API for Android application development. On the other hand, iOS SDK has all the required Swift/Objective C APIs for iOS application development. Therefore, both popular mobile platforms have two totally different SDKs. This situation created a critical problem from the business perspective of mobile application development. Businesses had to maintain two codebases for each mobile platform. In most of the scenarios, they had to look after two development teams.

Cross-platform mobile…

Cross-platform mobile frameworks solved the critical cross-platform development problem in many different ways. Initially, the Apache Cordova project (formerly PhoneGap) solved this problem by introducing webview-rendering. After that, the Ionic project created a native-like HTML/CSS widgets toolkit for Apache Cordova. Ionic motivated everyone to choose Angular as the frontend framework for developing cross-platform mobile apps. However, both frameworks are built based on native bridges for JavaScript to native communication vise versa. In other words, They created a generic JavaScript interface for native features and exposed native features to the webview.

Many developers created mobile applications with these kinds of webview-based…